In Cassandra there are dedicated fields for Component info & Key point in the alarm table, but in SQL these fields are not present.
Where are these values saved there? Or are these always read from the information template at runtime?
These fields are not stored in MySQL. They are retrieved at runtime from the information template when an alarm is generated or Requested. SLElement will do this when an alarm is created or an open alarm is configured during element startup. SLNet will mostly handle the cases involving historic data.
In Cassandra these are stored in the database under the CI 'componentinfo' and kp 'Key point'.